INTERNATIONAL ACCOUNTING IN EFFECT TOEFL.

INTERNATIONAL ACCOUNTING IN EFFECT TOEFL.

          International accounting has a very complex role, which is reporting the scope of multinational companies with operations and transactions across the country. Besides the international accounting can be described at different levels:

• The effect on the accounting by the international political groups like the UN, etc..

• Differences in accounting standards and practices between countries.

Domestic accounting: information systems provide information about the company told users that the information as a basis for economic decisions.

The development of International Accounting itself is inseparable from these roles:

1. Sources of funding.

2. Legal System.

3. Taxation.

4. Politics and Economics Association

5. Inflation

6. Levels of Economic Development

7. Level of Education

8. Culture

And scope of International Accounting consists of two aspects namely:

A. FIRST ASPECT

          Discuss an overview of international accounting standards and accounting practices in different countries in the world of accounting and compare accounting standards and practices in each country are discussed.

B. SECOND ASPECT

          International transactions to discuss the financial reporting. Translation and foreign exchange transactions, information systems, budgeting, working sistempenilaian, international taxation and audit. In this aspect also includes a discussion of management accounting to international business.

A company can reduce costs by providing goods and services to its customers through direct foreign investment. Labor costs are significantly lower in some countries to reduce production costs. If the deficiencies or material must be removed, it can be cheaper if the place of production close to sources of supply than to import the materials. Transportation costs associated with making export sales to foreign customers may be reduced by placing the production close to customers.

ACCOUNTING FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT

          Along with the growing awareness of the factors that influence the development of accounting, there is also the fact that accounting forms differ in each country. Various forms of accounting, of course, can be classified based on the differences and similarities they have. Classification of accounting and reporting system needs to be done to make the description, analysis and predictions on the development of accounting systems. The goal is to help determine the extent to which a system has similarities and differences. Forms of development of the accounting system of a country compared to another, and likely to change, and the reason why a system has a dominant effect compared to the others.

Understanding attitudes and scope of international accounting

          International accounting aimed at expanding public accounting nationally oriented, in the broad sense for international comparative analysis, measurement of the accounting reporting issues that are unique to mulitnasional business transactions, accounting for the needs of international financial markets, and harmonization of financial reporting diversity via political activities, organizational, professional and manufacturing standards.

          According to Iqbal, Melcher and Elmallah (1997:18) defines international accounting as the accounting for transactions between countries, comparisons of accounting principles in different countries and harmonization of accounting standards around the world.

          Rapid developments in global capital markets and cross-border investment activity meant that the international dimension of accounting becomes more important than ever before for professionals who must deal in one way or another within this scope. Accounting plays a crucial role in society. The purpose of accounting is to provide information that can be used by decision makers to make economic decisions.

          In the world of business, accounting is an information tool, which provide accurate accounting for decision making. Accounting provides information about the company and the transaction is to facilitate resource allocation decisions by the users. If a reliable and useful information, so that limited resources can be allocated optimally.

          International accounting has a role similar to the larger context, where the scope of reporting is for multinational companies with cross-border transactions and operations of the state or companies with reporting obligations to report users in other countries.

          The process was no different accounting and reporting standards specific to the qualifications set out internationally and locally in certain countries. But the important thing to know about the international dimension of accounting processes in different countries. Where differences include, cultural differences, business practices, political structures, legal systems, currencies, local inflation rate, business risk, as well as rules and regulations affect how multinational companies conduct their operations and deliver its financial statements.

What Is Actually TOEFL Test

          TOEFL, or Test of English as a Foreign Language, is a test that measures your ability to speak, read, and write in English at a college or university. This test is one of the best measure of whether you are ready to attend college in an English speaking school. While you may think that you speak and write English well, doing so at the college level is completely different, especially if you've learned as a foreign language.

          Who needs the TOEFL? Students who wish to attend the English-speaking university or college but have learned English as a foreign language must take the TOEFL before applying to the school of their choice. Many schools require scores from these tests for admission. Even if your school does not require it, have a good score can help you have an advantage over other applicants if there are limited openings available.

          Benefits of TOEFL - TOEFL is the assessment of English fluency accepted by more than 6,000 institutions. You might think that all this is in America or Great Britain, but they are spread all over the world in 110 countries. Nearly every university in the English-speaking countries such as the major U.S., UK, Australia, Canada, and New Zealand, use TOEFL scores to determine whether or not non-English speakers can be admitted to their programs, received a scholarship, or enter graduate school.